Foreword

The Shuibuya Water Control Project on Qingjiang River will be the head of a series of projects on the trunk course of Qingjiang River, integrating the functions of power generation, flood prevention and navigation. It will be a hydropower station with peak regulation function, which is rare in the Central China for the available conditions. Its completion will play an important role in the full development of water resources of the trunk course of Qingjiang River and in promoting the economic development in the region with minority ethnic groups.

The reservoir inundation disposition of Shuibuya Project and the resettlement planning is an important component in the feasibility study for this project. As the reservoir inundation disposition will involve five counties (city) of Enshi Prefecture, including many aspects and items, a long time will be taken for the reservoir inundation disposition and resettlement, so it is a hard task and a complicated system engineering. A good job done for the reservoir inundation disposition and resettlement will benefit the construction of Shuibuya Project and do good to the economic development in Enshi region.

The Yangtze River Survey, Planning and Design Institute of Yangtze River Water Resources Committee (CWRC Design Institute for short), as entrusted by the Qingjiang River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. of Hubei Province, undertook the summarization and preparation of the reservoir inundation disposition and resettlement planning report for Shuibuya Reservoir. After accepting this task, the design institute formed a joint investigation team with the government of the five counties (city) of Enshi Prefecture at all levels, to conduct an all-round survey of all items in kind under the inundation line of 400m normal water level at the dam during March to May 1997, and the results were confirmed by the governments of the five counties (city). During August to October 1997, the design institute conducted the external survey for the relocation planning in the five counties (city), and the resettlement planning has been reviewed by the local governments many times for comments and repeated consultation. Now basic agreement has been reached. The Resettlement Bureau of Hubei Province has offered great support and assistance to this planning. Concurrently as the design institute was making the external survey for resettlement, the Qingjiang River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. of Hubei Province entrusted the Communication Planning and Design Institute of Hubei Province, the Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute of Hubei Province and the Urban Planning and Design Institute of Hubei Province to conduct the planning for the reconstruction of communication facilities, the power supply facilities in the reservoir area and Jingyanghe Town. In March 1998, initial review meetings were held for the above three specialties as presided over by the Resettlement Bureau of Hubei Province and the Qingjiang River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. of Hubei Province, and the three institutes then made modification to their planning reports according to the comments raised at the initial review meetings. The revised reports were submitted to CWRC Design Institute respectively at the beginning of May, 1998. The CWRC Design Institute and the Qingjiang River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. of Hubei Province then coordinated with the three design institutes and again made supplements to and modification of these reports according to the design specification requirements with respect to the planning of reservoir inundation disposition. All the other planning items, except the three mentioned above, were undertaken by CWRC. On the basis of planning results of all items, CWRC Design Institute made the summary and prepared the “reservoir inundation disposition and resettlement Planning Report for Shuibuya Project” (initial draft).

The consultant expert group of China water conservancy and hydropower construction projects have come to the CWRC to get the information and to the reservoir area to make investigations for many times, the experts reviewed the initial draft of the report and put forward the design consultant report for the reservoir inundation disposition for Shuibuyas, and worked out the draft for submission for review. After getting comments from the Qingjiang River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. of Hubei Province, the company put forward its opinion on the draft with the document Eqing No. [1998] 36, indicating that the compensation investment on communications and water and power facilities was on the high side. Therefore, a second adjustment and modification has been made on the compensation investment on the basis of their comments, and the draft for submission for review has been put forward again.

1. General Description

The reservoir inundation disposition and resettlement planning is an important component in the design of a water conservation and hydropower project, and is the foundation for a proper resettlement of the relocated people. To facilitate a full understanding, this chapter will present in brief the planning results by items, including the brief conditions of the reservoir area, the impact of inundation, resettlement planning, estimated budget for compensation investment and investment schedule by years.

Enshi Prefecture, which will be involved by the inundation by Shuibuya Reservoir, is situated in the southwest corner of Hubei Province, adjacent with Chongqing in the west and north, with Hunan in the south, with Yichang of Hubei in the east and with Shennongjia Forest Zone of Hubei in the northeast. The prefecture consists of three main mountain ranges of Wuling Mountain, Daloushan Mountain and Wushan Mountain. It is about 260km long from the south to north and 220km wide from east to west, with a land area of 24460km².

The topography of the prefecture features three mountains standing high in the north, northwest and southeast, declining to the center and south. The elevation is 66.8~3005m above sea level. Except valleys and basins, the relief is high standing with rolling hills in great difference of height, the average elevation being over 1000m above sea level. It is on the east edge of the second terrace of China, with the topographic feature as limestone plateau mountainous land as the main.

The prefecture is a gathering place of 27 minority ethnic groups, mainly the Tujia and the Miao, accounting respectively for 35.8% and 5.46% of the population. The other minority groups account for 0.94% of the population. It is an autonomous prefecture with minority ethnic groups accounting for 42.8% of the total population.

The Shuibuya Reservoir will inundate four counties of Badong, Hefeng, Jianshi and Xuanen and Enshi City of the Enshi Prefecture. The total area of these five counties and city is 14317km², 58.5% of the total of the whole prefecture, and the total population of these five counties and city is 2,142,300, 57.2% of the total of the prefecture, including 1,891,400 of agricultural population. The cultivated land is 2.89 million mu. The GNP is 2988 million yuan (fixed price of 1990, the same below), including 1201 million yuan as agricultural output, 797 million yuan as industrial output, 142 million yuan as output from building industry and 848 million yuan from the tertiary industry. The annual average salary of staff per capita is 3099 yuan, and the average net income of farmers per capita 1116 yuan. The grain output per capita in the rural area is 379 kg.

The inundated area of Shuibuya Reservoir will include 19 townships of the above five counties and city, 3246km2 in total area, accounting for 22.7% of the total area of these five counties (city). The agricultural population in these 19 townships is 556,600 people, accounting for 30.5% of the five counties (city); there is cultivated land 973,200mu and the total income 1177 million yuan, including 954 million yuan from agriculture. The average income from plantation is 1149 yuan per capita.

The reservoir area of Shuibuya is located in a mountainous area with high mountains and steep hills on both banks, and access is extremely difficult. On both banks of Qingjiang River, except Enshi Basin, people mainly live above the elevation 500m. The inundated area is basically sparsely populated. In the whole reservoir area, a total of 55.4km² land will be inundated, and the total number of people living below the inundation line is 9788, at a density of 176 people/km², and 1.7% of the total population of the 19 townships which will be involved by the inundation. The backwater area upon the completion of the reservoir will be 65.5km², about 2.0% of the total area of the 19 townships. There is 17,200 mu cultivated land in the inundated area, at a land reclaimed factor of 20.7%. The agricultural income in the inundated area is 11.3 million yuan, including 10.71 million from plantation, averaged to 1276 yuan per capital, which is slightly higher than the average level of the five counties (city) involved by the inundation.

The inundation of Shuibuya Reservoir will affect a total of 13107 people, including 9788 in the inundated area and 3319 in the affected area. It will affect houses totaling 627,200 m² in area (including 28,100m² of the power station and the sideline houses of villages and groups), including 474,900m² in the inundated area and 182,300m² in the affected area. The inundation will affect a total area of cultivated land of 17282.8mu, gardens 4726.6mu, forest 17829.2mu, fish ponds 135.0mu and firewood hill 32761.7mu.

1.2.1 Conditions of inundation

The backwater area of Shuibuya Reservoir will be 65.5km², including 55.4 km² of inundated land and 10.1km natural water area. According to the site survey of items in kind during March to May, 1997, the inundated land involves 17 townships, 2 communities, 1 state-run forest farm, 131 villages and 306 resident groups in four counties of Badong, Hefeng, Jianshi and Xuanen and Enshi City. The inundation will include cultivated land of 12930.2mu (including 260.0mu on the river beach), gardens 4286.6mu, fish ponds 90.7mu, forest 17077.3mu and firewood hill 28269.7mu.

The population and houses in the inundated area will involve 16 townships, 1 community, 79 villages and 142 resident groups in the five counties (city). Now 9788 people are living below the inundation line, including rural population 7944 people and town population 1844 people. The total area of house to be inundated is 475,000m².

The inundation will involve 4 towns, including 2 established ones, and 91 organizations and 20 township enterprises.

The inundation will also include 53.57km of classified highway, 2 truck ferries, 6 large bridges totaling 645m, telecommunication lines 49.48km by pole route and broadcast lines 135.35km by pole route, power transmission line 105km, a substation of 35kVA at a capacity of 2×1000kVA, 16 hydropower stations with installed capacity of 20313kW, 5 pumping stations with installed capacity 367.5kW, and 42 sites with cultural and historical relics.

1.2.2 Influence

There are 80 affected spots of landslides and bank collapse in the reservoir area, for an area of 6.14km2, and the land involves 14 townships, 62 villages and 84 resident groups in Badong, Jianshi, Xuanen and Enshi. According to the survey, there is cultivated land of 4252.6mu, gardens 440.0mu, forest 751.9mu, fish ponds 44.3mu and firewood hill 4492.0mu in the affected area. The population of the affected area include 15 townships, 50 villages, 92 groups and 4 organizations of other places in the above mentioned four counties (city). 3319 people are now living in the affection area, including 3317 of rural population and 2 belonging to organizations. The affected house area will be 182,300 m².

The resettlement planning including the resettlement planning for the rural area, town reconstruction planning, special project reconstruction planning, reservoir bottom cleaning planning and disposition of affected area. They are presented below briefly:

1.3.1 Resettlement planning for rural area

For this, the policy of development oriented resettlement will be carried out according to the local conditions. Relocated people will be resettled with the plantation as the foundation, in multiple channels, forms and ways. The production, living habits and customs of the local minority ethnic groups will be respected and taken care for, the intent of the people to be relocated will be taken into full consideration, and they will be resettled close to the original place in the original group, village, township or county as far as possible.

1.3.1.1 Production resettlement planning

According to calculation by groups, 10324 people will be resettled for production activities as planned in the whole reservoir area, including 9881 in plantation, accounting for 95.7% and 443 people in the secondary and tertiary industries, for 4.3%.

In the plantation, 10316.9mu of reclaimed barren land will be assigned to the relocated people, for 5897 people, at 1.75 mu per capita, 3376 mu of low-yield will be transformed for 2015 relocated people, at 1.68 mu per capita, 3062.7 mu land will be requisite on a paid basis for 1969 people, at 1.56 mu per capita.

There will be 6 planned project for the secondary and tertiary industries, to employ 246 labor and resettle 443 relocated people, they are mainly those from town suburbs or those living mixed with the town residents, from Wuyangba Community of Enshi, Jingyanghe Town of Jianshi Town, Shuibuya town of Badong County.

1.3.1.2 Relocation planning
In the countryside of the whole reservoir area, there are 7944 people to be relocated because their house are inundated, and 1922 people to be relocated because the loss of production conditions although their houses are not inundated, making a total of 9866 people. The calculated relocation population for the planning will be 10856 people with 1997 as the reference year, 2005 the planned level year and 2007 the year of completion of resettlement. In conjunction with the production resettlement, their houses will be built in three ways: scattered, centralized and in towns.

1475 people will build their houses in a scattered way, accounting for 13.6% of the total number of people to be relocated in the reservoir area, 8531 people will adopt the centralized way and 850 to build their houses in towns, respectively accounting for 78.6% and 7.8% of the total.

1.3.2 Town relocation planning

The towns to be inundated are Nantanhe in Badong County, Jinjikou in Hefeng County, Jingyanghe in Jianshi County and Zhongjianhe in Xuanen County.

According to the planning, Nantanhe will be relocated to Zhunaokebao of Sanyouping Village, Jinjihe will be moved backward from the existing location, Jingyanghe to Getanba, and Zhongjianhe to Ertaiping of the Zhongjianhe Village.

There are 2411 people (including rural population 618 in the constructed area of the towns) who will be directly affected by the inundation, and 3599 people will be relocated according to planning, for which 24.17 ha. of land has been planned for their construction.

1.3.3 Reconstruction planning for special projects and items

1.3.3.1 Communications

The planning involves highway 40.33 km, including 18.466km of Grade III, 21.824 of Grade IV; 2 extra large bridges for a total length of 512m, 4 large bridges for a total length of 658m, paths for agricultural machinery 137.28km and 30 ferries for people.

The three ferries for vehicles at Nantanhe, Taofukou and Zhaijiahe in Badong County will be reconstructed.

1.3.3.2 Power facilities

Many hydropower units will be inundated in Enshi and Jianshi, and it is planned to build three hydrostations with a total installed capacity of 20600kW, and the Grade II station at Yesan River in Jianshi will be protected without relocation. As few hydropower stations in the three counties of Badong, Hefeng and Xuanen will be affected by the inundation, an one time compensation based on the capacity to be inundated will be made after finalizing the power supply point. According to the planning, the reconstruction will include 6 transmission lines of 35kV for 80.5km, 23 transmission lines of 10kV for 159.7km, and 83 new transformers at the new residential places totaling 1749kVA. The inundated pumping stations will be reconstructed by lifting and reinforcing.

1.3.3.3 Post and telecommunications

According to the planning, telecommunication lines will be rebuilt for a total of 67.02km by pole route, including 16 rural telephone lines totaling 43.14km (13.0km of six-core optic fiber cables, 14.5km of 4-core optic fiber cables and 15.64km of cables), and 7 rural user lines for a total of 23.88km by pole route. A branch post office and a post station will be rebuilt.

1.3.3.4 Broadcasting and television works

The broadcasting lines include trunk lines of county – township – village totaling 146.33km by pole route, and lines from village to households totaling 362.0km, including 184.50km as user lines. Two broadcasting and television stations will be rebuilt, and the inundated facilities and equipment will be reconstructed or relocated according to their functions and characteristics.

1.3.3.5 Relocation of small industrial and mineral enterprises

There will be 20 enterprises inundated in the whole reservoir area, and they will all be inundated, mainly grain and oil processing mills, coal kilns, plate fabrication factories. For these, an one time compensation will be made according to the local resources and the present conditions of the enterprises, in the principle of seeking development and efficiency and based on the available conditions and resources.

1.3.3.6 Planning for protection of relics

There are 42 relics of various types under the inundation line in the reservoir area, including 19 underground and 23 on ground surface. According to the principle of “protecting and unearthing the major ones”, for the 19 ones underground, archaeological survey has been done for 17 and archaeological unearthing for 2; for the 23 on ground surface, protection measures of three levels have been worked out, i.e. 3 as Class A will be protected at the original location or relocated fully, 11 as Class B will be partly relocated, and for 9 as Class C, data will be kept.

1.3.4 Reservoir bottom cleaning planning

The planned cleaning will be done for 38826 mu of woods of various species, 595 ancient trees, 3 bridges, lines extending 289.8 km, 1124 domestic animal rails (16,900 m² in area), 1552 feces pits (18,600 m² in area), 87 sludge gas pits (340m² in area), 6921 graves (34,600 m² in area), 32 medical service spots, 2 septic tanks, 15 slaughtering yards, 434 rubbish yards, and 15 hydropower stations.

According to the technical requirements for reservoir bottom cleaning, all houses and affiliated objects to them from the normal storage water level down to 2m below the dead water level should be dismantled, walls should be pushed down (except old earthen ones), and unusable and floating materials should be burnt at the spot. The bridge piers and platforms should have a residual height of no more than 0.5m after the cleaning. For lavatories, feces pits and rubbish, all foreign materials should be removed, or laid thin on ground for sterilization by the sun exposure; the pits should be sterilized and sewage pits be filled up with clean soil. For hospitals with pollution sources, the spot will be sterilized after moving out. For graves within 15 years, the caves should be sterilized after moving out. Trees and odd woods should be felled flush to the ground as far as possible and be moved out of the reservoir area, and the remaining stumps should be no more than 0.3m in height above the ground. The residual branches, dry woods and bush should be moved out of the reservoir area or be burnt on spot.

1.3.5 Planning for treatment of affected area

There are a total of 80 landslides, collapsed bank and isolated islands as affected area in the whole reservoir area, and the planning of relocation and construction for such areas has also been completed while making the planning for the rural area of the inundated area. A total of 2849 people will be relocated from the affected area (excluding those to be relocated because their land has been inundated but the houses remain and those protected by engineering measures at Qianshiying in Xuanen County), 16 residential quarters will be built, of which 12 will be shared with those from the inundated area, accommodating 785 people, 27.6% of the total, and the remaining 2064 people, 72.4% of the total, will be resettled backward in a scattered way. The four organizations not belong to the towns in the affected area will be moved out of the area.

In general, the planned relocation will include 13967 people now living below the inundation line (10856 in rural area and 3111 in towns) and 3635 people in the affected area, making a total of 17602 people.

The total investment in the inundation compensation for Shuibuya Reservoir will be 842.9249 million yuan, including 822.9249 million for the inundated area, accounting for 97.63%, and 20 million tentatively listed for the affected area, accounting for 2.37%.

1.4.1 Investment on inundation compensation

(1) Compensation investment for resettlement to farmers

This investment will amount to 261.6355 million yuan, including 157.1092 million yuan for land requisition and resettlement subsidies, 62.2963 million yuan as compensation for house and affiliated facilities, 5.4916 million yuan as relocation fee for the people, 21.5396 million yuan as construction fund for infrastructures at residential quarters, 6.0192 million yuan as compensation for odd woods and trees, 4.6462 million yuan as living allowance during the transition period, and 1.6874 million yuan as capacity expansion fee for schools and medical service network.

(2) Compensation investment for town relocation

This investment will be 76.6767 million yuan in total, including 9.9888 million yuan for Nantanhe Town, 4.7391 million yuan for Jinjikou Town, 47.862 million yuan for Jingyanghe Town, 9.1148 million yuan for Zhongjianhe Town, and 4.972 million yuan for organizations not belong to the towns.

(3) Compensation investment for special reconstruction items

The total investment for their reconstruction will be 313.2723 million yuan, including 4.8853 million yuan as relocation fee for enterprises, 111.7792 million yuan for communication facilities, 2.0259 million yuan for post and telecommunication facilities, 2.4667 million yuan for broadcasting project, 158.8009 million yuan for power facilities, 3.1174 million yuan as protection fee for historical relics, and 30.1969 million yuan as compensation fee for state and collective land.

(4) Reservoir bottom cleaning fee

The total amount of cleaning fee will be 2.9771 million yuan, including 1.2529 million yuan as sanitary and epidemic prevention fee, 1.0292 million yuan for woods cleaning, 294,700 yuan for building cleaning, and 400,300 yuan for power facilities.

(5) Other expenditure

The other expenditure will be 30.9841 million yuan in total, including 13.0912 million yuan as survey, planning and design fee, at 2% of the total of (1) to (4) above, 13.3119 million yuan as implementation management fee, at 3% of the total of (1) and (2) and 1% of the total of (3) and (4) above, 1.3082 million yuan as technical training fee, at 0.5% of (1) above, and 3.2728 million yuan as supervision fee, at 0.5% of the total of (1) to (4) above.

(6) Basic contingency

The basic contingency will be 68.5546 million yuan, at 10% of the total of (1) to (5) above.

(7) Tax on use of cultivated land

This tax will be a total of 68.8246 million yuan for the whole reservoir area on the basis of the land category in the inundated area and for the resettlement and according to the relevant charging standard.

1.4.2 Disposition fee for affected area

As there are many uncertain factors in the affected area, this fund is tentatively listed as 20 million yuan after consultation with the Qingjiang Development Company and the local government, and it will be further determined according to the stability of the area after water is stored in the reservoir.

According to the construction schedule of the project, the river will be dammed in 2000, Unit 1 will be put into operation in 2005 with the water level in front of the dam at 350m, and the main body of works will be completed in 2007 with all units operating at a normal dam water level 400m. The resettlement schedule and investment arrangement by years will be linked with the project schedule, to satisfy the requirements on water storing by stages.

The total investment on compensation for resettlement for Shuibuya Reservoir area will be 842.9249 million yuan, including 822.9249 million yuan for the inundated area and 20 million yuan tentatively listed for the affected area. Following is the schedule for the compensation investment in the inundated area (the compensation investment for the affected area is tentatively reserved and no planning by year has been made.).

1.5.1 Rural areas

Before the year 2005, major investment will be made on the development of land development and the construction of infrastructure for residential quarters in the resettlement areas, so that people will have good production and living conditions after relocation. As people now living below 350m and needing to be relocated account for only 20.94% of the total, and in order to lessen the intensity of relocation in the later phase, it has been planned to make 83.87% of the compensation investment for people in rural areas before 2005.

1.5.2 Towns

Before 2005 when the water level in front of dam reaches 350m, for Nantanhe Town, 80% of the infrastructure investment and 70% of the housing investment will be made in 2003~2004, and the remaining will all be made before the end of 2005; for Jingyanghe Town, 60% of the total investment will be made during 2004~2005, and the remaining in 2006 and 2007; the investment for Zhongjianhe Town and Jinjikou Town will be arranged in 2006 and 2007.

1.5.3 Special items

In order to ensure the smooth proceeding of construction works in the reservoir area, it is planned that 60% of the investment on communications and post and telecommunications and the power transmission and transformation facilities be made before 2002, the 20% to be made during 2003~2005, and the remaining 20% in 2006 and 2007.

1.5.4 Reservoir bottom cleaning

It will be completed two years before the water storage in the reservoir.

1.5.5 Other expenditure

90% of other expenditure will be arranged before 2005, and the remaining in 2006 and 2007.

1.5.6 Basic contingency

It will be arranged during 2003 ~ 2005.

1.5.7 Tax on use of cultivated land

80% will be arranged before 2005, and the remaining 20% in the subsequent two years.

According to the above investment schedule, 664.395 million yuan will be arranged before 2005, accounting for 80.74% of the total investment; and 158.5299 million yuan in 2006 and 2007, accounting for 19.26% of the total.